13,291 research outputs found
Effective field theory as the bridge between lattice QCD and nuclear physics
A confluence of theoretical and technological developments are beginning to
make possible contributions to nuclear physics from lattice QCD. Effective
field theory plays a critical role in these advances. I give several examples.Comment: Talk presented at "Quark Confinement and the Hadron Spectrum VII
2006". V2: several typos corrected and references adde
Effective Field Theories
Three lectures on effective field theory given at the Seventh Summer School
in Nuclear Physics, Seattle June 19-30 1995.Comment: 40 pages uuencoded with figures; requires macros harvmac, epsf.te
Job creation and labor reform in Latin America
This paper studies the effects of labor-regulation reform using data for 10,396 firms from 14 Latin American countries. Firms are asked both how many permanent workers they would have hired and how many they would have terminated if labor regulations were made more flexible. I find that making labor regulations more flexible would lead to an average net increase of 2.08 percent in total employment. Firms with fewer than 20 employees would benefit the most, with average gains in net employment of 4.27 percent. Countries with more regulated labor markets would experience larger gains in total employment. These larger gains in total employment, however, would be achieved through higher rates of hiring and higher rates of termination. These results may explain why there is substantial opposition to labor reforms despite the predicted gains in efficiency and total employment.Labor Markets,Labor Policies,Labor Management and Relations,Labor Standards,Work&Working Conditions
Perturbative, Non-Supersymmetric Completions of the Little Higgs
The little Higgs mechanism produces a light 100 GeV Higgs while raising the
natural cutoff from 1 TeV to 10 TeV. We attempt an iterative little Higgs
mechanism to produce multiple factors of 10 between the cutoff and the 100 GeV
Higgs mass in a perturbative theory. In the renormalizable sector of the
theory, all quantum corrections to the Higgs mass proportional to mass scales
greater than 1 TeV are absent -- this includes quadratically divergent,
log-divergent, and finite loops at all orders. However, even loops proportional
to scales just a factor of 10 above the Higgs (or any other scalar) mass come
with large numerical factors that reintroduce fine-tuning. Top loops, for
example, produce an expansion parameter of not 1/(4 pi) but 1/5. The geometric
increase in the number of fields at higher energies simply exacerbates this
problem. We build a complete two-stage model up to 100 TeV, show that direct
sensitivity of the electroweak scale to the cutoff is erased, and estimate the
tuning due to large numerical factors. We then discuss the possibility, in a
toy model with only scalar and gauge fields, of generating a tower of little
Higgs theories and show that the theory quickly becomes a large-N gauge theory
with ~ N fundamental scalars. We find evidence that at least this toy model
could successfully generate light scalars with an exponentially large cutoff in
the absence of supersymmetry or strong dynamics. The fine-tuning is not
completely eliminated, but evidence suggests that this result is model
dependent. We then speculate as to how one might marry a working tower of
fields of this type at high scales to a realistic theory at the weak scale.Comment: 26 (+1) pages, 9 figure
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